• Knowledge of the anatomical and functional structure of the human body at all levels: molecular, cellular, organ, and biochemical.
• Knowledge of normal human development, stages of growth, and age-related changes across life stages.
• Knowledge of disease causes: genetic, congenital, immune, environmental, and how these factors interact to produce illness.
• Knowledge of disease-related changes in the body (growth, anatomy, function) and the natural course of diseases prevalent in Iraq.
• Knowledge of clinical signs and symptoms, emphasizing the relative importance of each to reach accurate diagnosis.
• Detailed theoretical and practical knowledge for managing emergencies across medical specialties.
• Knowledge of aging-related changes and common geriatric diseases.
• Knowledge of diagnostic methods (especially prevalent diseases in Iraq), focusing on diagnostic value to reach correct diagnosis.
• Knowledge of treatment fundamentals and comparison of modalities (surgical, pharmacological, nutrition, radiotherapy, physiotherapy, etc.).
• Knowledge of preventive medicine: proper nutrition, exercise, vaccines/sera, and preventing transmission and outbreaks.
• Knowledge of basic medical statistics for disease prevalence, treatment response, and medical research.
• Knowledge of genetics and its role in disease causation and treatment.
• Ability to retrieve and interpret information from the internet and stay updated on advances in diagnosis and treatment.

• Take medical history using a scientific approach suitable to each patient, and write an appropriate medical report using all available information sources.
• Perform a comprehensive clinical examination, with special focus on emergency examination methods and priority-based decision-making.
• Manage each case individually, recognizing that different conditions require different approaches to history and examination.
• Translate complaints and clinical findings into multiple diagnostic possibilities (differential diagnosis) including the correct diagnosis.
• Select appropriate diagnostic tests for each case while considering importance, cost, and priority.
• Use a system to store and track patient medical information.
• Interpret laboratory, radiological, and ECG findings to support correct diagnosis using evidence-based medicine principles.
• Develop diagnostic and treatment strategies for emergency, acute, and chronic cases considering medical, psychological, social, and economic factors.
• Discuss treatment options with the patient and family, monitor treatment effects, and allow informed choice.
• Identify critical cases that require internationally agreed protocols for correct management.
• Perform agreed clinical procedures (injections, IV fluids, catheterization, circulation monitoring, first aid, etc.).
• Apply sterilization, infection control, and contamination prevention according to internationally recognized standards.

• Respect patient privacy and maintain confidentiality of medical information.
• Respect every patient regardless of social status, culture, beliefs, gender, or race; use appropriate communication methods.
• Listen attentively, give sufficient time, and build trust.
• Answer questions and explain the condition simply; involve the patient and family in the treatment plan.
• Write a concise patient summary: disease course, consultations, final diagnosis, and follow-up schedule.
• Use appropriate approaches in emergencies, including de-escalation and managing anger/blame from patient or family.
• Explain diagnosis and treatment clearly and transparently, including disclosure of any errors that occurred.
• Provide essential information about the illness to support health awareness.

• Respect the role of all healthcare workers regardless of position.
• Work effectively within an integrated team to deliver the highest standard of care.
• Respect colleagues, seniors, and supervisors under whose guidance training occurs.

• Understand the healthcare system and services and how to navigate them to provide the best care for Iraqi patients.
• Understand major health problems in Iraqi society and patients’ basic needs.
• Contribute positively to community health guidance and participate in prevention programs for prevalent diseases.
• Recognize environmental factors and the influence of customs, traditions, and socio-economic conditions when designing appropriate management plans.

• Know ethical and professional conduct rules related to critical, life-affecting decisions while considering all circumstances.
• Recognize the patient as a human being with privacy that must be respected and trust that must be honored.
• Uphold honesty and discipline with patients, families, and colleagues; complete duties on time and appropriately.
• Maintain professional appearance, respectful communication, and good relationships within the community.
• Provide medical services to low-income and financially unable patients, especially in emergencies.
• Address firmly and clearly any colleague behavior that conflicts with professional ethics.

• Identify strengths and weaknesses in the specialty; maintain continuous self-assessment to correct weaknesses and reinforce strengths.
• Use modern technology to stay updated: seminars, professional associations, medical journals, and scientific publications.
• Commit to evidence-based medicine in diagnosis and treatment planning.
• Be familiar with performance quality measurement methods within each specialty.
• Record and analyze practice errors, evaluate corrective actions, and prevent recurrence.